Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
Eh
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Allurar rigakafi ita ce mafi kyawun kariya kuma ana iya bukatar ta bisa doka don shiga. Ka yi allurar rigakafi a cibiyar da aka amince da ita aƙalla kwanaki 10 kafin tafiya. Takardar shedar tana aiki har abada (gyaran WHO na 2016). Wasu kasashe suna bukatar shaida ko da don wucewa ta yankunan da cutar ke yaduwa.
Zazzabi mai ruwan lemo (yellow fever) cuta ce mai haɗari da kwayar cutar yellow fever virus ke haifarwa, sauro Aedes ke yaɗa ta. Allurar rigakafi tana da tasiri na tsawon rai.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ciwon baya | 75% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Raguwar bugun zuciya | 35% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Sanyi | 85% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zazzabi | 95% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 90% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 80% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Jan ido | 35% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Jiri | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Gajiya | 65% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 50% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Tashin zuciya | 70% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Amai | 55% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon ciki | 14% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zubar jinin dausayi | 11% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zubar jini | 10% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zazzabi mai tsanani | 12% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Shanƙe | 17% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙananan ɗigon jini | 9% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Rikicewa | 5% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Duhuwar fitsari | 8% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙarancin ruwa a jiki | 6% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Raguwar matsin jini | 4% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙarancin fitsari | 7% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Farfaɗiya | 3% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Girgiza | 4% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, occurring mainly in tropical regions of Africa and South America. The disease can lead to severe complications including jaundice, hemorrhages, and organ failure.
Zazzabin rawaya (yellow fever) cuta ce da kwayar cutar YFV (Flaviviridae) ke haifarwa. Ana yaduwa ta hanyar cizon sauro nau'in Aedes da Haemagogus. Najeriya tana daya daga cikin kasashe 34 na Afirka da cutar ke yaduwa a ciki (endemic) — an samu babbar barkewar cutar a shekarar 2017-2018 (jihohin Kwara, Kogi, Zamfara, da sauransu) tare da mutuwar mutane da dama. Ita ce kadai cutar da ake bukata shaida ta alurar rigakafi (International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, ICVP — 'Yellow Card') wajen shiga da fita kasashe a karkashin IHR 2005. Dukkan matafiya zuwa Najeriya DOLE su samu allurar rigakafin zazzabin rawaya. A yankin Yammacin Afirka, cutar tana yaduwa a dazuzzuka (sylvatic cycle — tsakanin birai da sauro), a yankin karkara (savannah cycle), da kuma a birane (urban cycle — mafi hatsari, inda Aedes aegypti ke yaduwa a biranen). Cutar tana da matsala biyu: yawancin mutane ba sa nuna alamomi (80%), amma wadanda suka shiga mataki na biyu (toxic phase) suna da hadarin mutuwa na kashi 20-60%. Allurar rigakafi ta 17D ita ce mafi kyawun makami — allura guda daya tana ba da kariya na tsawon rayuwa (WHO ta canza shawararta a shekarar 2016 — ba sai an yi booster ba). Najeriya ta gudanar da manyan yakin allurar rigakafi a shekarun 2018-2023 don kare miliyoyin mutane, musamman a jihohin da suka fi fuskantar cutar.
GAGGAWA: zazzabi + rawaya (jaundice) + zubar jini bayan zama a yankin da cutar ke yaduwa → je asibiti NAN DA NAN. Amai na jini (black vomit). Rashin fitsari. Suma. Ci gaba da lalacewa bayan lokacin jin sauki na dan lokaci — wannan alama ce mai hatsari sosai.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Mataki na 1 (acute phase, kwanaki 3-4): zazzabi kwatsam, ciwon kai, ciwon tsoka, ciwon baya, amai, rashin cin abinci. Fasali na musamman: bugun zuciya a hankali duk da zazzabi (relative bradycardia — alamar Faget). Mataki na hutawa: wasu marasa lafiya suna jin sauki na dan lokaci (kwanaki 1-2). Mataki na 2 (toxic phase — kashi 15-25% na marasa lafiya): rawaya mai tsanani (jaundice — saboda haka sunan 'zazzabin rawaya'), zubar jini daga baki, hanci, da idanu ('amai bakin jini' / black vomit), gazawar koda (oliguria zuwa anuria), suma, da mutuwa. Mutuwa tana faruwa ne a cikin kwanaki 7-10 bayan fara alamomi.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Matakan cutar rawaya:
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Gwajin jini: IgM ELISA (antibody) — yana nuna a kwanan nan ne aka kamu; ana iya cakuda tsakanin sa da sauran Flaviviruses (dengue, Zika). RT-PCR — mafi daidai, yana gano kwayar cutar a cikin kwanaki 5 na farko. PRNT (Plaque Reduction Neutralisation Test) — don tabbatar da cutar. Gwajin hanta: ALT/AST mai tsayi sosai. Bilirubin mai tsayi (jaundice). Gwajin jini na gama gari: karancin farin jini (leucopaenia), karancin platelets.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Babu maganin kashe kwayar cutar (no antiviral). Magani na tallafawa (supportive care) kawai: ba da ruwa ta jijiya (IV fluids), maganin rage zazzabi (paracetamol — KADA a bai wa mai cutar aspirin ko ibuprofen saboda hadarin zubar jini), kula da gazawar koda (dialysis idan ya cancanta), jini (blood transfusion) idan zubar jini ya yi yawa. Kulawa ta musamman a ICU ga marasa lafiya masu tsanani.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Allurar rigakafi ta 17D: DOLE ga dukkan mutane masu shekara 9 wata zuwa sama a Najeriya. Allura guda daya tana ba da kariya na tsawon rayuwa (WHO 2016). Shaida ta alurar rigakafi (ICVP/Yellow Card) DOLE a samu kafin tafiya zuwa ko daga Najeriya — allurar za ta yi aiki ne bayan kwanaki 10 daga shan ta. Wanda ba zai iya shan allurar ba (masu rashin karfin garkuwar jiki, mata masu juna biyu, yara 'yan kasa da watanni 6, masu rashin jituwa da kwan kwado/eggs): likita zai ba da wasikar keban (medical waiver). Kare kai daga cizon sauro: gidan sauro, DEET, tufafi masu rufe jiki. Najeriya: EYN (Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics) — shirin rigakafi na kasa.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
DOLE: Allurar rigakafin zazzabin rawaya ga dukkan matafiya zuwa Najeriya da Yammacin Afirka — a sha allurar aƙalla kwanaki 10 kafin tafiya. A samu Yellow Card (ICVP) kuma a adana ta sosai — ana iya neman ta a kan iyaka. Matafiya daga Najeriya zuwa wasu kasashe (musamman Asiya da Tsakiyar Gabas): wasu kasashe suna bukata Yellow Card daga dukkan masu zuwa daga Najeriya. Bayan tafiya: idan ka/ki ji zazzabi da rawaya (jaundice) cikin mako 2 bayan dawowa — je asibiti nan da nan kuma fada cewa ka/ki je yankin zazzabin rawaya.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Najeriya: daya daga cikin kasashe 34 na Afirka da cutar ke yaduwa. Babbar barkewa a 2017-2018 (>4,000 masu shakku, >200 tabbatattun shari'o'i, mutuwa >45 a jihohin Kwara, Kogi, Zamfara, Edo, Borno). Duk shekara ana samun rahotannin kamuwa a jihohin tsakiyar Najeriya da arewa. Jigawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe: an samu kamuwa a 2020-2024. NCDC tana sa ido kan cutar a kowace shekara.
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Traveling to endemic areas without vaccination, being outdoors during mosquito activity hours.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Kashi 15-25% na masu cuta mai tsanani na mutuwa. Gazawar hanta da koda, zubar jini mai tsanani (DIC), coma.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Cutar mai sauƙi/matsakaici (~85% na marasa lafiya masu alamomi): Cutar tana warke da kanta, cikakkiyar warkarwa cikin kwanaki 3–4.
Mummunar cuta (~15% na marasa lafiya masu alamomi, "matakin guba"):
CFR 20–50% da zarar matakin guba ya fara.
Mummunar cutar hanta, gazawar ƙoda, zubar da jini, gazawar gaɓoɓi da yawa.
Babu takamaiman maganin ƙwayoyin cuta — kulawar tallafi ne kawai.
Gabaɗaya: Mafi yawan kamuwa ba su da alamomi ko masu sauƙi ne. Daga cikin waɗanda suka nuna alamomi, ~15% suna ci gaba zuwa mummunar cuta. Adadin mutuwa na gabaɗaya: ~3–7.5%.
Warkarwa: Waɗanda suka tsira suna samun rigakafi na dindindin. Babu yanayin ɗauke da cuta na dindindin.
Rarraba yanki da annobar da ke gudana
Ana iya hana wannan cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Kariya mai inganci tana samuwa.
Yi magana da ƙwararren lafiyar tafiya game da jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar kafin tafiyar ku.
Nemo asibitin allurar rigakafi →Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.
Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. SafeTripVax ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniRecent epidemiological data from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory.
Source: WHO GHO OData ↗
Source: WHO GHO OData ↗
And 11 more records
This data is provided for informational purposes. Please consult official WHO sources for the most current information.
View WHO data source →| Tuta | Ƙasa | Matakin haɗari |
|---|---|---|
 | Togo | Haɗari mai girma |
 | South Sudan | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Guinea | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Peru | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Côte d'Ivoire | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Ghana | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Colombia | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Uganda | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Cameroon | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Guinea-Bissau | Haɗari mai girma |
