Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
A'a
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Matafiya da ke da damar samun kulawar likita kuma suke shan maganin rigakafi suna da hadari kadan sosai. Ka nemi taimakon likita nan da nan don duk wani zazzabi cikin watanni 3 bayan dawowar ka daga yankin da cutar ke yaduwa. Bin ka'idar shan magani yana da matukar muhimmanci — ka sha dukkan allurai kamar yadda aka rubuta.
Zazzabin cizon sauro (malaria) cuta ce mai haɗari da parasite na Plasmodium ke haifarwa, sauro Anopheles ke yaɗa ta. Tana kashe mutane sama da 600,000 a kowace shekara.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sanyi | 85% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 80% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 80% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rawar jiki mai tsanani | 70% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 65% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 60% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon gaɓoɓi | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon baya | 30% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Gumi da dare | 65% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Kumburin saifa | 60% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Duhuwar fitsari | 20% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙarancin ruwa a jiki | 40% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Kumburin hanta | 40% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Shanƙe | 25% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Tashin zuciya | 55% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Saurin bugun zuciya | 50% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Amai | 45% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ciwon ciki | 35% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zawo | 30% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Raguwar matsin jini | 15% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Canjin hankali | 8% | Hadari | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Rikicewa | 10% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Farfaɗiya | 5% | Hadari | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Ƙarancin numfashi | 10% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Gajiya | 85% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
| Zazzabi | 95% | Mai tsanani | Kowane lokaci |
| Tari | 25% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. It is caused by Plasmodium parasites and can lead to severe complications and death.
Zazzabin cizon sauro (malaria) cuta ce da ake samu ta hanyar kwayoyin cutar Plasmodium — P. falciparum shine mafi hatsari kuma mafi yawan gaske a Najeriya da sauran kasashen Yammacin Afirka. Sauro mace irin ta Anopheles ce ke yada cutar ta hanyar cizon dare. Najeriya ita ce kasa mafi girman nauyin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya baki daya — kusan kashi 27% na dukkan cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya suna faruwa ne a Najeriya kawai (WHO 2023: mutane miliyan 249 suka kamu, 608,000 suka mutu a duniya). A Najeriya, fiye da mutane 100,000 ne ke mutuwa a kowace shekara saboda cutar, kuma ita ce kasa ta daya wajen mutuwar yara kanana 'yan kasa da shekara 5. Jihohin Arewacin Najeriya (Kano, Katsina, Jigawa, Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi, Borno) suna da yawan cututtuka musamman a lokacin damina (Yuni zuwa Oktoba). A yankin Sahel na Najeriya, shirye-shiryen SMC (Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention) suna kare miliyoyin yara a kowace lokacin ruwan sama — an riga an baiwa fiye da yara miliyan 30 magungunan SMC a shekarar 2023. Allurar rigakafin malaria ta RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) ta WHO an amince da ita a shekarar 2021, kuma Najeriya na cikin kasashen da suka fara gabatar da ita a shekarar 2024. R21/Matrix-M (allurar ta biyu da WHO ta amince) ta kara fadada damar samun rigakafi. Ganewar cuta da magani cikin gaggawa sune mabudin rage mutuwa — kowace zazzabi a cikin mutum daga yankin da cutar ke yaduwa dole a dauka cewa zazzabin cizon sauro ne har sai an tabbatar da akasin haka. Ga matafiya daga kasashen da ba su da cutar: dole ne su sha magungunan rigakafi (chemoprophylaxis) kafin, a lokacin, kuma bayan dawowa daga Najeriya. Cutar malaria tana da magani — amma jinkirin ganewa da magani na iya kashe mutum cikin awanni 24 kawai, musamman idan P. falciparum ne.
GAGGAWA: zazzabi bayan dawowar tafiya daga yankin malaria → je asibiti NAN DA NAN. Rashin sani, suma, ko farfadiya (cerebral malaria). Fatar jiki ta yi rawaya (jaundice). Fitsari mai duhu ko rashin fitsari (gazawar koda). Wahalar numfashi. Zubar jini daga hanci ko baki. Karancin jini mai tsanani (fari sosai). Yara: rashin iya sha ko shayarwa, amai ba fasawa, rawar jiki. Kada a jira — kowace minti na da muhimmanci. A tafi asibiti nan da nan tare da fadin cewa an je yankin malaria.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Lokacin kwantar da cuta (incubation): kwanaki 7-30 bayan cizon sauro. Alamomin farko na zazzabin cizon sauro: sanyin jiki mai tsanani da rawar jiki (rigor) → zazzabi mai zafi 39-41°C → zufa sosai (gumi). Wannan zagayen yana maimaituwa kowace awa 48 (P. falciparum da P. vivax). Sauran alamomi: ciwon kai mai tsanani, ciwon tsoka (myalgia), ciwon gabbai, amai, gudawa, rashin karfi da gajiya. Zazzabin cizon sauro mai tsanani (P. falciparum — severe malaria): zazzabin cizon sauro na kwakwalwa (cerebral malaria) — rashin sani, farfadiya, suma (coma)
karancin jini mai tsanani (severe anaemia, Hb <5 g/dL) — musamman a cikin yara kanana da mata masu juna biyu
gazawar koda (acute kidney failure) — fitsarin ya daina
matsalar numfashi (ARDS — acute respiratory distress syndrome)
karancin sukari a jini (hypoglycaemia <40 mg/dL) — musamman a cikin yara da mata masu juna biyu
zubar jini (DIC — disseminated intravascular coagulation). Ga mata masu juna biyu: malaria na kara hadarin mutuwa, zubar ciki, haihuwar jarirai marasa nauyi, da malaria na haihuwa (congenital malaria). Ga yara 'yan kasa da shekara 5: malaria ita ce babbar sanadin mutuwa — yaro zai iya mutuwa cikin awanni kadan idan ba a ba shi magani ba.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Matakan cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro (P. falciparum):
Haɗarin P. falciparum: Na iya ci gaba daga mara rikitarwa zuwa mummunar cuta/mutuwa cikin sa'o'i 24–48. Duk wani matafin da ke da zazzaɓi bayan dawowarsa daga yankin da cutar ta yaɗu dole ne a yi masa gwaji nan da nan.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Gwajin jini na microscopy (thick and thin blood film) shine mafi ingancin hanyar gano cutar — ana iya ganin kwayar cutar, nau'inta, da yawanta a cikin jini. Gwajin RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Test) — yana gano antigen na HRP2 (P. falciparum)
yana da sauki kuma ana iya yin sa a kowane asibiti ko asibitin karkara ba tare da na'ura mai girma ba (microscope). PCR (polymerase chain reaction) — mafi dacewa wajen bambance nau'o'in Plasmodium da kuma cututtukan da suka hadu (mixed infections)
ana yin sa a babban dakin gwaje-gwaje (reference laboratory). Gwajin jini na gama gari (full blood count): karancin platelets (thrombocytopaenia) a cikin kashi 60-70% na marasa lafiya
karancin jini (anaemia)
farin jinin jiki ya ragu (leucopaenia). Gwajin sinadarai (biochemistry): yawan lactic acid (severe malaria), karancin glucose, yawan creatinine (gazawar koda). Muhimmin ka'ida: DUKKAN zazzabi a cikin mutum daga yankin da cutar malaria ke yaduwa — ko da matafiya ne — dole a dauka cewa malaria ne har sai an tabbatar da akasin haka. Bai kamata a jira gwajin ba kafin a fara magani idan yana da alamomin tsanani.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
P. falciparum maras tsanani (uncomplicated): Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) — artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) shine maganin farko a Najeriya (NMEP protocol). Ana ba shi tsawon kwanaki 3. Artesunate-amodiaquine ko dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine su ne madadin. Malaria mai tsanani (severe malaria): artesunate na jijiya ko tsoka (IV/IM artesunate) — shi ne maganin ceton rai da WHO ta amince
idan ba a samu artesunate ba, ana iya amfani da quinine na jijiya. Bayan inganta, ana ci gaba da ACT na ciki (oral) har kwanaki 3. Ana bukata kulawa ta musamman (ICU) ga marasa lafiya masu tsanani. P. vivax: chloroquine + primaquine (don kashe kwayoyin da ke kwance a hanta — hypnozoites — don hana dawowar cutar). A Najeriya, P. vivax ba shi da yawa — P. falciparum ne mafi yawa. Magungunan rigakafin malaria ga matafiya (chemoprophylaxis): atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone) — mafi dacewa ga matafiya zuwa Najeriya
doxycycline — arha kuma mai inganci
mefloquine — ana sha mako-mako. Fa'ida: SMC (Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention) a Arewacin Najeriya — ana baiwa yara 'yan watanni 3-59 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine kowane wata a lokacin damina (Yuli-Oktoba), kuma wannan ya rage mutuwar yara da fiye da kashi 70%.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Kare kai daga cizon sauro na dare: gidan sauro (insecticide-treated net, ITN/LLIN) — dukkan 'yan Najeriya, musamman yara da mata masu juna biyu, su yi barci a cikin gidan sauro da aka shafa magani
yin amfani da maganin korar kwari a jiki (DEET 20-30% ko picaridin)
sanya tufafi masu rufe jiki da daddare (dogayen hannaye, dogayen wanduna)
IRS (Indoor Residual Spraying) — fesa maganin kwari a bangon dakuna. Magungunan rigakafin cutar (chemoprophylaxis): DOLE ga matafiya daga kasashen da ba su da malaria zuwa Najeriya — a sha kafin tafiya, a lokacin zama, da kuma bayan dawowa (tsawon kwanaki 7-28 bisa ga nau'in maganin). Shirye-shiryen gwamnati: NMEP (National Malaria Elimination Programme), SMC ga yara a Arewaci, IPTp (Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy) — sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ga mata masu juna biyu. Allurar rigakafi: RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) da R21/Matrix-M — an fara ba yara a wasu jihohin Najeriya tun 2024. Matafiya zuwa Najeriya su tuntubi likitan matafiya (travel medicine) kafin tafiya don samun shawarar magungunan rigakafi da sauran matakan kariya.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
DOLE: Dukkan matafiya zuwa Najeriya da sauran kasashen Yammacin Afirka su sha magungunan rigakafin malaria (chemoprophylaxis) — atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, ko mefloquine. An fara sha kafin tafiya, an ci gaba a lokacin, kuma an kammala bayan dawowa. DOLE: A yi barci a cikin gidan sauro (ITN/LLIN) da daddare. A yi amfani da DEET a fatar jiki da kuma permethrin a tufafi. A sa tufafi masu rufe jiki daga faduwar rana. Shawarar musamman: idan ka/ki dawo daga Najeriya kuma ka/ki ji zazzabi cikin shekara guda — je asibiti nan da nan ka/ki fada cewa ka/ki je yankin malaria. Babu tabbacin cewa ba malaria ba ne har sai an gwada jini. Mata masu juna biyu: a guje wa tafiya zuwa yankin malaria idan zai yiwu; idan dole, an dauki magungunan rigakafi kuma an yi amfani da gidan sauro. Matafiya zuwa birnin Lagos ko Abuja: har yanzu akwai hadarin malaria — dukkan biranen Najeriya suna cikin yankin yaduwar cutar.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Najeriya: kasa ta daya a duniya wajen nauyin cutar malaria — kusan kashi 27% na dukkan cututtukan malaria a duniya, kashi 31% na dukkan mace-macen malaria a duniya (WHO World Malaria Report 2023). Fiye da mutane miliyan 60 ke kamuwa da cutar a kowace shekara a Najeriya. Yara 'yan kasa da shekara 5 da mata masu juna biyu sune mafi hadari. P. falciparum: kashi 95%+ na dukkan cututtukan a Najeriya. Lokacin yawan cutar: damina (Yuni-Oktoba) musamman a Arewaci (Sahel). Jihohin da suke da mafi yawan cututtuka: Kano, Katsina, Jigawa, Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi, Borno, Bauchi, Yobe. Yankin Niger Delta (kudu) kuma yana da yawan cutar duk shekara saboda ruwan sama mai yawa. Najeriya tana da babban shirin kawar da malaria (NMEP) tare da goyon bayan WHO, Global Fund, PMI (US President's Malaria Initiative), da UNICEF.
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Traveling to endemic areas without prophylaxis, outdoor activities during mosquito activity hours.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Cerebral malaria (shafar kwakwalwa), anemia mai tsanani, gazawar koda, hypoglycemia, pulmonary edema. P. falciparum na iya kashe mutum cikin sa'o'i.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
P. falciparum (mafi haɗari):
Ba tare da magani ba: CFR har zuwa 20% a cikin mutanen da ba su da rigakafi. Zazzaɓin cizon sauro na ƙwaƙwalwa: CFR 15–20% ko da tare da magani.
Tare da saurin maganin ACT: CFR ƙasa da 0.1% a cikin marasa rikitarwa.
Matsalolin mummunar cutar: zazzaɓin cizon sauro na ƙwaƙwalwa, mummunar karancin jini, matsalar numfashi (ARDS), gazawar ƙoda, acidosis.
Yara ƙasa da shekaru 5 da mata masu ciki suna cikin mafi girman haɗari.
P. vivax/P. ovale: Ba kasafai ya kashe ba. Sake dawowa na iya faruwa daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu barci a hanta (hypnozoites) (watanni zuwa shekaru). Yana buƙatar cikakken magani da primaquine/tafenoquine (a duba yanayin G6PD).
P. malariae: Ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta a jini, kamuwa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Cutar ƙoda (matsala mai wuyar faruwa).
P. knowlesi: Na iya haifar da mummunar cuta tare da saurin haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. CFR 1–2%.
Na dogon lokaci: Rigakafi na wani ɓangare yana tasowa bayan maimaitar kamuwa a yankunan da cutar ta yaɗu. Matafiya da ba su da rigakafi ba su da kariya.
Rarraba yanki da annobar da ke gudana
Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.
Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. SafeTripVax ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniRecent epidemiological data from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory.
Source: WHO GHO OData ↗
And 15 more records
This data is provided for informational purposes. Please consult official WHO sources for the most current information.
View WHO data source →| Tuta | Ƙasa | Matakin haɗari |
|---|---|---|
 | Sierra Leone | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Guinea-Bissau | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Cameroon | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Senegal |
| Haɗari mai girma |
 | Liberia | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Guinea | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Somalia | Haɗari mai girma |
 | South Sudan | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Côte d'Ivoire | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Gambia | Haɗari mai girma |